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Why is Kashmir Experiencing Record-Breaking Heatwaves? Key Factors Explained

Kashmir, known for its cool summers and snowy winters, is now facing unprecedented heatwaves. The valley recently recorded its highest temperature in decades, with Pahalgam hitting an all-time high. Experts link this to climate change, reduced snowfall, and urban heat islands—raising concerns for the region’s environment and economy.

Why is Kashmir Facing Record-Breaking Heat?
Kashmir’s climate is shifting dramatically, with temperatures soaring beyond historical averages. Here’s why:
Long Dry Spells: Reduced snowfall and early snowmelt have left mountains bare, cutting off natural cooling effects.
Urban Heat Islands (UHIs): Rapid urbanization in cities like Srinagar traps heat, making them significantly warmer than surrounding areas.
Weak Western Disturbances: These weather systems, which usually bring rain and relief, have been scarce this year.
Global Warming: Rising global temperatures are amplifying heat extremes even in traditionally cooler regions like Kashmir.

Impact on Kashmir’s Ecology & Economy
Glacial Melt: Faster snowmelt threatens water supply for agriculture and hydropower.
Agriculture at Risk: Crops like apples and saffron, vital to Kashmir’s economy, face heat stress.
Tourism Decline: Popular destinations like Gulmarg and Pahalgam may lose appeal if summers become unbearably hot.

Key Terms Explained
Heat Dome: A high-pressure system that traps hot air, leading to prolonged heatwaves.
Urban Heat Island (UHI): Built-up areas that absorb and retain more heat than rural surroundings.
Western Disturbances: Weather systems originating in the Mediterranean that bring rain and snow to North India.

Sample Questions & Answers for Competitive Exams
Q1. What is the primary reason behind Kashmir’s rising temperatures?
Ans: A combination of global warming, reduced snowfall, and urban heat islands.
Q2. How do urban heat islands affect Kashmir’s climate?
Ans: Cities like Srinagar absorb more heat due to concrete structures, making them hotter than nearby rural areas.
Q3. Why are Western Disturbances important for Kashmir’s weather?
Ans: They bring rainfall and snow, helping regulate temperatures—but their absence leads to dry, hot conditions.
Q4. What are the long-term impacts of rising heat in Kashmir?
Ans: Glacial retreat, water scarcity, and threats to agriculture and tourism.
Q5. Which location in Kashmir recently recorded its highest-ever temperature?
Ans: Pahalgam, a popular hill station, saw unprecedented heat this year.

Why is This Important for Exams?
This topic is crucial for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, and state PSCs because:
It covers environmental ecology, a key subject in Prelims and Mains.
Questions on climate change, urbanization, and heatwaves are frequently asked.
Understanding Western Disturbances and Urban Heat Islands helps in GS Paper III (Mains).
Real-world examples (like Kashmir’s heatwave) make answers stand out.