Why is India’s Role in the Global South Crucial for Its Foreign Policy?

India’s Global South Strategy: A Delicate Balancing Act
The term “Global South” refers to economically developing nations, primarily in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, which share histories of colonization and face similar socio-economic challenges. Unlike the Global North (US, Europe, Australia), these countries often advocate for fairer global trade, climate justice, and multilateral cooperation.

Key Aspects of India’s Engagement
Historical Ties: India’s leadership in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) strengthened its bond with the Global South.
Economic & Diplomatic Initiatives: Programs like ITEC (Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation) and the International Solar Alliance (ISA) enhance India’s soft power.
Recent Challenges: India’s pro-Israel stance post-October 2023 Hamas attacks led to diplomatic friction, as seen in UNESCO elections where Pakistan secured more Global South votes.

Global North vs. Global South: Key Differences
Economic Disparities: The North holds greater wealth, while the South faces developmental hurdles.
Political Influence: Global North nations dominate institutions like the UN and IMF.
Colonial Legacy: Many Global South countries share a history of exploitation by European powers.

Why India’s Global South Policy Matters
Strategic Autonomy: Balancing ties with both the West and the South ensures India isn’t overly dependent on any bloc.
Multilateral Leadership: Initiatives like BRICS and G20 amplify India’s voice in global governance.
Exam Relevance: UPSC aspirants must grasp these dynamics for GS Paper II (International Relations) and essay questions.


Sample Q&A for Competitive Exams
Q1: What defines a Global South country?
A: Nations with developing economies, often post-colonial, located in Asia, Africa, or Latin America.
Q2: How does India’s Global South policy align with NAM principles?
A: Both emphasize strategic autonomy, South-South cooperation, and resisting dominance by superpowers.
Q3: Why did India lose the UNESCO election to Pakistan in 2023?
A: Many Global South nations voted against India due to its perceived pro-Israel stance.
Q4: Name two initiatives boosting India’s ties with the Global South.
A: International Solar Alliance (ISA) and ITEC (technical cooperation program).
Q5: How does the Global South differ economically from the Global North?
A: The South faces lower GDP, infrastructure gaps, and reliance on agriculture, while the North has advanced industries and services.