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Prithvi-II vs. Agni-I: What’s the Range and Strategic Importance for India?

India’s Strategic Forces Command (SFC) successfully test-fired the Prithvi-II and Agni-I ballistic missiles on July 17, 2025, from the Integrated Test Range in Chandipur, Odisha. These tests validated their operational readiness, showcasing India’s growing missile technology prowess. But what makes these missiles so crucial? Let’s break down their capabilities.

Prithvi-II: India’s Short-Range Ballistic Missile
Developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), the Prithvi-II is a surface-to-surface missile designed for precision strikes.

Key Features:
Range: 250–350 km (capable of covering neighboring strategic targets).
Payload: Can carry both conventional and nuclear warheads.
Propulsion: Uses a liquid-fueled engine for high thrust.
Guidance System: Equipped with advanced inertial navigation for pinpoint accuracy.
This missile is a vital asset for India’s tactical strike capabilities, especially in short-range engagements.

Agni-I: India’s Short-to-Medium Range Ballistic Missile
The Agni-I bridges the gap between the Prithvi series and longer-range Agni missiles, offering greater flexibility in warfare scenarios.

Key Features:
Range: 700–900 km (extends India’s reach deeper into enemy territory).
Payload: Can carry up to 1,000 kg, including nuclear warheads.
Mobility: Road and rail mobile, making it harder to detect and destroy.
Strategic Role: Strengthens India’s credible minimum deterrence policy.
With its extended range, the Agni-I is a key player in India’s second-strike capability.

Sample Questions & Answers (For Competitive Exams)
Q: What is the range of the Prithvi-II missile?
A: 250–350 km
Q: Which organization developed the Agni-I missile?
A: DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation)
Q: Can the Prithvi-II carry nuclear warheads?
A: Yes, it can carry both conventional and nuclear payloads.
Q: What makes the Agni-I highly mobile?
A: It is road and rail mobile, enhancing its survivability.
Q: Where was the recent test of Prithvi-II and Agni-I conducted?
A: Integrated Test Range, Chandipur, Odisha

Why Is This Important for Competitive Exams?
Defense & Security Awareness: Questions on India’s missile systems frequently appear in UPSC, SSC, PSC, and NDA exams.
Current Affairs Relevance: Recent missile tests are often asked in general knowledge sections.
Strategic Importance: Understanding India’s defense capabilities helps in essay and interview rounds.
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